We present a great article by Manisekaran (a.k.a. tfmpage's encyclopaedia) on MKT below.

Subject: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar Author: Manisekaran (manisekr@tm.net.my)

PART I 

MKT   and  G.  Ramanathan   are the   products of  stage drama
popularly called special dramas later. In those days the drama
actors had to act as well as sing without the assistance of PA
system.   They had to  sing loud, and in   high pitch so as to
reach the last person in the hall. This is how T R Mahalingam,
MKTB and a few others  trained their voices. G. Ramanathan was
a harmoniuam artiste in the  dramas where MKTB acted. MKTB was
more popular for his songs rather than acting. From there MKTB
got involved in Special Dramas.

The guru   of MKTB was  Alathoor  Sahodararkal who were called
"Isai MethaikaL". MKTB's first film was Pavalakkodi. MKTB was
acting  in several  dramas, including  Chintamani.  Later when
Chintamani was  made into a  film he acted  in it. The MDs are
Alathoor  SahodararkaL.   Chintamani   was shown  by  Mathurai
Murugan Talkies.  The  film generated so much  collection that
after the run of the film  was over, a  new cinema Theater was
built  with   the collection and  it   was  called "Chintamani
Talkies".

CRAZE AND TREND 

The moment MKTB's songs picked up  momentum, there was a craze
for his songs, and MDs   were tempted (and forced) to  compose
songs in the style of MKTB. 

1. In  Chintamani there is a  song called "Rathey Unakku Kobam
Agathadee" TMS used that as a pallavi for his song in "Krishna
Vijayam".  Until Thookku Thooki TMS  followed MKTB. Annam itta
veetiley  in   Manthiri  Kumari,   Kulir Thamarai  poigai  and
Kulingidum poovilellaam in Valayapathy are of this nature.

The craze  for MKTB  songs never died   in soul of TMS.   When
Akilan's novel Vaazhvu  Engey  was  produced  in the name   of
"Kulamakal  Rathai" TMS requested KVM to  give him a chance to
sing in the style of MKTB.  The Chintamani song "Rathey Unakku
kobam agathedee"  was appropriately sung  by  TMS in Kulamakal
Rathai as the heroine's name was Ratha.

There is another song of   MKTB called "Siva perumaan  kirubai
Vendum" In a thanippaadal TMS  sang this song as  

	"mangalamaai vazha veNdum, vERenna veNDum"

2.   In the old  Ambikapathy  (MKTB) there   is a song  called
"Chandrasooriyar  pOngathi mARinum veezhinum nmakkenna" . When
the new Ambikapathy (Sivaji) was produced, G Ramanathan wanted
to make the new Ambikapathy popular among the  fans of the old
Ambikapathy.  So  he   used the    above tune  for   the   new
Ambikapathy as follows:

"Maasila nilavE nam kAthalai magizhvOdu manilam koNdAduthe" 

3.  In  the old Ambikapathy  there  is a song  called "pajanai
seivAi manamey".  In the new  Ambikapathy  G.  Ramanathan used
that old song's style as follows:

	Sinthanai sei manamey 

4. "Sivaperumaan kirubai veNDum" is  the song sung by MKTB. In
the  film Sarangathara  G Ramanathan used  the  same  style to
compose a song as follows: 

	Innum enna Vendum-TMS

5. "Deena karuna karaney Nadaraja neelakaNdane" is the song of
MKTB.  In the film Madurai Veeran, G. Ramanathan used the same
tune as follows:

	Echi pizhaikkum thozhilE  sarithAna  
	eNNI  pArunga aiyya  
	eNNI pArunga.   
	nachiyappa  sangaili karuppa 
	poochi  kAttum pokkiri suppA
	moottai adicha unnaiyE viduvAna 
	eNNI parnga - TMS/Jikki

A UNIQUE PERSONALITY 

The unique personality of MKTB is  largely responsible for his
boost. He was  extremely  fair  looking,  with  a  unique, and
innocent look often described as "kanivAna, parithAba pArvai".
Of course his greatest  asset  was the  golden voice that  God
endowed him.

UNIT WORK 

MKTB was highly successful as there was a unit work. (It was a
mutual gain anyway) Music was composed mainly by G Ramanathan,
KVM and  later  others like C.    N.  Pandurangan (with  GR in
Puthu Vazhvu), C R Subbaraman (Rajamukthi) joined in.  In fact
S.M.   Subbiah Naidu composed  the song "vAzhvilEy oru nAL" in
Haridass.   The other plus    point  was the contribution   of
Paabanasam Sivan. He composed lyrics to suit Karnatic Music.

CONTRIBUTION OF MKTB 

It is  a forgone conclusion  that MKTB was a  "INAIPPU PAALAM"
between the Karnatic Music and the Semi  Classic music. At the
time  when  the Tamil cinema  was   delivering carnatic songs,
there were some hardcore Karnatic music lovers who claimed and
clamoured that Tamil  film songs can  never contribute to  the
development of Karnatic music.

One such person was the Sithoor Subramaniam  Pillai who is the
guru of Madurai   Somu.  When  Haridas was playing,    someone
forced    him   to    see the    film     for   the  excellent
songs. Subramaniyam   Pillai saw the movie  and  was very much
impressed by the way   GR rendered the delicate and  difficult
Sarukesi   raga   song Manmatha Leelaiyai    veNRAr  uNdo in a
Janaranjaga  way. From the  theatre   he went straight to  the
homes of GR and MKTB to express his overwhelming appreciation.
Therafter  MKTB's  songs    came to  be   accepted(openly)  as
promoting karnatic music.

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MKTB Part II 

JAIL TERM 

Chintamani  ran for one year  in  Gaiety theatre. But Haridass
ran in   the  Madras  Broadway   theatre  for   3  consecutive
Deepavalis. 

Around  this time there  was  a yellow  magazine called  Hindu
Nesan   which    was notorious    in  publishing  the "Arputha
LeelaikaL" of those involved in  the cine field. The  articles
also mademention of NSK and  MKTB.  The editor  Lachumikanthan
was murdered. MKTB and NSK were implicated and arrested.  This
caused traumatic shock waves to run in Tamilnadu. This was the
time when MKTB was at the height of his glory and fame.  

As   he   was passing   the  days   in prison   Haridas gained
popularity.  The irony is that the person  of MKTB lost out in
popularity. In those days those linked with murderer incidents
used  to be excommunicated  in society. 

Haridas  was so popular   that it was   the  first film  to be
re-released in  colour tint.   In  those days portions of  the
films used  to be given single colours  called tints. This was
the  beginning  of the  advent  of  colour films.  Portions of
Haridas  were given colour  tints.  In the second  release the
entire film was   given colour tint-thereby  became  the first
film to be given tint throughout.  (The first full colour film
is Ali Baba).

Just before going to prison MKTB  had been booked for 20 films
in a row. He even took  advance.  While in  prison he was most
depressed,  distressed  and dishearted.    This  is because no
producer  came to visit him there.  His close friends deserted
him. Those who used him as a golden  goose discarded him. Some
did turn up-  to request MKTB  to return the advance, thinking
that he would never be released. This hurt him further.

Meanwhile  the producers took  a different approach.  Thinking
that MKTB  would never be released, they  went on  to create a
substitute for him to act  in the films  scheduled for MKTB to
act.   This is   how they  dragged   the Karnataka's  Honnappa
Bagavathar.  They   used him to  produce   Kalidas.  It was  a
flop. Then  they tried another film  called  valmeeki.  Also a
flop!  Now  they realised that  people could only  rival MKTB,
but caould never replace him.

Fortunately MKTB and NSK   got early release through  the good
office    of influential people   who were  also   the fans of
MKTB. Luck   was in favour of  NSK  when he  became  an active
member in DMK.   The DMK promoted  him.  But  MKTB was not   a
supporter of the ideologies og of the DMK. So NSK and MKTB who
parted. 

When MKTB was released he  was invited for  a kachery where he
could not see the usual crowd. He was sad to learn that he was
no more a crowd  puller. By this time  the very film producers
who   never patronised  him  in  jail   came   forward to  use
MKTB(based on the  success of Haridas) in  new films. But MKTB
refused totally  in anger. He decided to  test his strength in
the film industry. 

1. Rajamukthi 

	He used totally  a new comer in  the  film industry to
	write   dialogue.     It  was    Chirukathai    mannan
	Puthumaippithan who wrote the  dialogue.  The film was
	a flop.   Puthumaipithan developed  acute  tuberclosis
	which lead  to  his death.   But   the film  with   CR
	Subbaraman as  the MD had  very good songs  like Unnai
	allal oru    thurumbasayumo,    manida  janmam meendum
	vanthidumo, ingumangum,  enna anantham, piravik kadal,
	manam nininthu etc.

2. Amarakavi 

	He then tried taking the  film Amarakavi, using uvamai
	kavignar Suratha to write dialogue. Another flop. This
	film had  good    songs like ellaam    inbamey,  sevai
	seithaaley vaazhalaam.

3. Puthu Vaazhvu 

	The last attempt was the film Puthu Vazhvu.  Here both
	G. Ramanathan and CN Pandurangan  were used as MDs. He
	studied the changing trend in the  cine field and took
	this film.   It has  a social  film with sound  social
	theme.  He used the  most sizzling glamourous  actress
	of the time-Mathuri Devi.  He  even introduced a dream
	scene of Romeo-Juliet style.  The  song for this scene
	is the most melodious "thEn Kuyil poley" which he sang
	with Jikki   -   probably the only  song   with Jikki.
	Somehow this   film  also did    not fare well.    Ths
	wonderful songs in Puthu  Vazhvu are like  Suttu vizhi
	chudar thaan  Kannamma,   thAnam avasiyam, uNmai  onRe
	pEsum nalla uyar guNam veNDum "


When he took Thiruneelakandar before going to Jail it was well
received.   But  these three  other last   movies  did  not do
well. He lost all his property. The  films may be commercially
failures,  but the  quality  of the  songs was   not the least
compromised. 

4. Sivagami

	Then there was  a  last attempt  to  rehabilitate him.
	The film Sivagami was produced.   MKTB sang songs like
	Atputha Leelaikalai,  gnana sabayil,  AravAram,    and
	Anantha nadana vinotha.  But  half way he died and the
	film  was completed with a  new actor who did not pick
	up.  TMS had to  sing to make up  for the loss.  Those
	songs are "vaanil muzhu  mathiyai kaNden vanathil  oru
	poeNNai   kaNDEn"  and the   duet  with   Solamangalam
	Rajalachumy     "andgumingum   Attam   pOda  vaikkuthu
	AnAlumAnanthamAi irukkuthu".

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Subject: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar's last movie.
Author: Sathiya Keerthi (mpessk@leonis.nus.edu.sg)

You  are probably right about Rajamukthi  being the last movie
by MKTB. The MD was CRSubbaraman. 

An interesting digression... 

CRS was keen to  make MKTB sing in  his music and he got  this
chance first in 1945, in the movie, UdhayaNan-Vaasavadhaththai
in  which    MKTB   and  Vasundhra   Dhevi   were    chosen as
hero-heroine. CRS was so excited, made the  tunes, and all was
set to  record MKTB's voice for the  first time  under CRS. At
that moment MKTB  was urgently called  outside by a friend and
MKTB had to leave in a hurry without recording that song. Half
hour  later  they  got the   news that MKTB  was  arrested  in
connection with  Lakshmikanthan murder  case. It  later turned
out that GNB was replaced as the  hero for that same movie and
CRS was also replaced by CSJeyaraman (yes, the same pokkaivaai
pugazh CSJ)  as MD!  CRS had to  wait till 1948 when  MKTB was
released from  prison  and when  MKTB  produced his own movie,
Rajamukthi, to record  MKTB's voice under  his music. There is
one more popular song in that movie (apart from maanida janmam
that you mentioned above): "unaiyallaamal oru thurumbasaiyumO"
It seems this song is in Saramathi raagam. 
---------------------------------------------------------------

>From Satish. (subraman@cs.umn.edu)

Here is a MKT song list.  Some details are missing, feel free
to fill in.

MKT's First movie: Pavalakodi (1934)
MKT's double role: Sathayseelan (1936)
Most famous movie: Haridas (1944)


Audio collections available from EMI

	1. Ringing voice of MKT
	2. Golden Greats of MKT

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Song: Ambaa Manam Kanindhu Unadhu Kadai Kannpaar
Film:   Sivakavi
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     G Ramanathan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Pantuvaraali

Song: Ananda Natana
Film:   Sivakami
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     K V Mahadevan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  ??

Song: Annaiyum Thandhayum
Film:   Haridas (1944)
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, T R Rajakumari
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     G Ramanathan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Chenchuruthi

Song: Arava Maram
Film:   Sivakami
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     K V Mahadevan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  ??

Song: Arputha Leelaikal
Film:   Sivakami
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     K V Mahadevan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Madhyamavathi

Song: Bhoomiyil Maanida Jenmam
Film:   Ashok Kumar
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     Papanasam Sivan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Sindhu Bhairavi

Song: Chandra Suryar
Film:   Ambikapathy
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     Papanasam Sivan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Maand

Song: Chidambara Naatha
Film:   Thiruneelakanter
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     Papanasam Sivan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  ??

Song: Dheena Karuna Karane
Film:   Thiruneelakanter
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     Papanasam Sivan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Behag

Song: Dhyaname Enadhu Manadhu Niraindhadhu
Film:   Ashok Kumar
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     Papanasam Sivan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Kapi

Song: En Udal Thanil, Ammaiyappa Ungal Anbai Maranden
Film:   Haridas (1944)
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, T R Rajakumari
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     G Ramanathan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Kaanda, Atana, Jonpuri

Song: Gnana Sabayil
Film:   Sivakami
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     K V Mahadevan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Saranga

Song: Gnanakkan Ondru
Film:   Chinthamani (1936)
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     Papanasam Sivan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Jonpuri

Song: Krishna Mukundaa Murare
Film:   Haridas (1944)
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, T R Rajakumari
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     G Ramanathan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Navroz

Song: Maanida Janmam Meendum Vandhidumo
Film:   Raja Mukthi (1948)
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     C R Subbaraman
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Kamas

Song: Unaiyallaamal Oru Thurumbasaiyumo
Film:   Raja Mukthi  (1948)
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     C R Subbaraman
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Saramathi

Song: Ingumangum
Film:   Raja Mukthi  (1948)
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     C R Subbaraman
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  ??

Song: Enna Anantham
Film:   Raja Mukthi  (1948)
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     C R Subbaraman
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  ??

Song: Piravik Kadal
Film:   Raja Mukthi  (1948)
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     C R Subbaraman
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  ??

Song: Manam Nininthu
Film:   Raja Mukthi  (1948)
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     C R Subbaraman
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  ??

Song: Maname Nee Eesan Naamathai
Film:   Ashok Kumar
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     Papanasam Sivan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Kunthalavaraali

Song: Vaazhvil Or ThiruNaal
Film:   Haridas (1944)
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, T R Rajakumari
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, T R Rajakumari
MD:     S N Subbaih Naidu
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  ??

Song: Manmatha Leelaiyai Vendraar Undo?
Film:   Haridas (1944)
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, T R Rajakumari
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, T R Rajakumari
MD:     G Ramanathan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Charukesi

Song: Maraivai Pudhaitha
Film:   Thiruneelakanter
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     Papanasam Sivan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Darbar

Song: Nattiya Kalaiye
Film:   Sivakavi
Star:   M K Thayagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thayagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     G Ramanathan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Natakurunji

Song: Oru Naal Oru Pozhuthu
Film:   Thiruneelakanter
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     Papanasam Sivan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Kamas

Song: Pavazha Maal
Film:   Thiruneelakanter
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     Papanasam Sivan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Bhairavi, Kalyani, Manirangu

Song: Radhe Unakku Kovam Aagathadi
Film:   Chinthamani (1936)
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     Papanasam Sivan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Chenchuruthi

Song: Rajan Maharajan
Film:   Shyamala
Star:   M K Thayagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thayagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     G Ramanathan
Lyric:  G S Roya Sundaram
Ragam:  Huseini

Song: Sara Sarangal
Film:   Thiruneelakanter
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     Papanasam Sivan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  ??

Song: Sathva Guna Bodhan
Film:   Ashok Kumar
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     Papanasam Sivan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Jonpuri

Song: Sivaperumaan Krupai Vendum
Film:   Naveena Sarangatara
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     Papanasam Sivan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Suruthi

Song: Sollupappa
Film:   Sathya Seelan
Star:   M K T & M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     ??
Lyric:  Janakam Kavikunjaram
Ragam:  Punnagavarali

Song: Soppana Vaazhivil
Film:   Sivakavi
Star:   M K Thayagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thayagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     G Ramanathan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Sivaranjani, Vijayanaagari

Song: Suttum Vizhichudarthaan Kannamaa
Film:   Puthuvaazhvu
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, Mathuri Devi
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     G Ramanathan, C N Pandurangan
Lyric:  Bharathiyar
Ragam:  ??

Song: Then Kuyil Poley
Film:   Puthuvaazhvu
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, Mathuri Devi
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, Jikki
MD:     G Ramanathan, C N Pandurangan
Lyric:  ??
Ragam:  ??

Song: Thanam Avasiyam
Film:   Puthuvaazhvu
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, Mathuri Devi
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     G Ramanathan, C N Pandurangan
Lyric:  ??
Ragam:  ??

Song: Unmai Onre Pesum Nalla Uyar Gunam Vendum
Film:   Puthuvaazhvu
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, Mathuri Devi
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     G Ramanathan, C N Pandurangan
Lyric:  ??
Ragam:  ??

Song: Thillayil Nayakane
Film:   Sivakami
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     K V Mahadevan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  ??

Song: Un Azhakai Kaana Iru Kangal Pothathe
Film:   Thiruneelakanter
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     Papanasam Sivan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Madhyamavathi

Song: Unnai Kandu Mayangatha Pergal Undo
Film:   Ashok Kumar
Star:   M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     Papanasam Sivan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Bhairavi

Song: Vallalai Paadum Vaazhyaal
Film:   Sivakavi
Star:   M K Thayagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thayagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     G Ramanathan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Chenchuruti

Song: Vasantha Ruthu Mana Mohaname
Film:   Sivakavi
Star:   M K Thayagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thayagaraja Bhagavathar, S Jayalakshmi
MD:     G Ramanathan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Vasantha, Kunthalavarali, Yadhukula Kambhoji, Suruthi

Song: Vathaname Chandra Bimbamo Malarndha Sarojamo
Film:   Sivakavi
Star:   M K Thayagaraja Bhagavathar
Singer: M K Thayagaraja Bhagavathar
MD:     G Ramanathan
Lyric:  Papanasam Sivan
Ragam:  Sindhu Bhairavi

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